{"id":817,"date":"2026-05-28T09:15:28","date_gmt":"2026-05-28T09:15:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/forum-impl.iti.org\/en\/?post_type=article&p=817"},"modified":"2026-06-12T11:53:37","modified_gmt":"2026-06-12T11:53:37","slug":"occlusal-loading-in-natural-teeth-and-oral-implants-2701","status":"publish","type":"article","link":"https:\/\/forum-impl.iti.org\/en\/article\/occlusal-loading-in-natural-teeth-and-oral-implants-2701\/","title":{"rendered":"Occlusal Loading in Natural Teeth and Oral Implants"},"content":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false},"article-type":[5],"forum-tag":[164,163,165,162],"class_list":["post-817","article","type-article","status-publish","hentry","article-type-feature-article","forum-tag-biophysical","forum-tag-implants","forum-tag-occlusal-clearance","forum-tag-occlusal-loading"],"acf":{"feature_topic":1447,"authors":[1230,1232,1234],"read_time":"19 min","publication_date":"20221005","doi":"10.3290\/iti.fi.45688","excerpt":"The main difference between an osseointegrated implant and a tooth is the absence of a periodontal ligament at the implant site. This results in significantly decreased sensitive feedback and reduced mobility. Therefore, implants can be exposed to increased occlusal load when adopting the same occlusal concept applied to teeth. This potential overload can lead to prosthetic and implantological complications that may reduce the lifespan of the implant and the restoration.","references":"Berglundh, T., Persson, L., & Klinge, B. (2002) A systematic review of the incidence of biological and technical complications in implant dentistry reported in prospective longitudinal studies of at least 5 years: Systematic review of implant complications. Journal of Clinical Periodontology<\/em> 29<\/strong>: 197 - 212. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1034\/j.1600-051X.29.s3.12.x\r\n\r\nBeuer, F., Sachs, C., Groesser, J., Gueth, J.-F., & Stimmelmayr, M. (2016) Tooth-implant-supported posterior fixed dental prostheses with zirconia frameworks: 3-year clinical result. Clinical Oral Investigations<\/em> 20(5)<\/strong>: 1079 - 1086. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00784-015-1594-1\r\n\r\nBlock, M. S., Lirette, D., Gardiner, D., Li, L., Finger, I. M., Hochstedler, J., Evans, G., Kent, J. N., Misiek, D. J., Mendez, A. J., Guerra, L., Larsen, H., Wood, W., & Worthington, P. (2002) Prospective evaluation of implants connected to teeth. The International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants<\/em> 17(4)<\/strong>: 473 - 487.\r\n\r\nBoldt, J., Knapp, W., Proff, P., Rottner, K., & Richter, E.-J. (2012). Measurement of tooth and implant mobility under physiological loading conditions. Annals of Anatomy - Anatomischer Anzeiger<\/em> 194(2)<\/strong>: 185 - 189. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aanat.2011.09.007\r\n\r\nBrune, A., Stiesch, M., Eisenburger, M., & Greuling, A. (2019) The effect of different occlusal contact situations on peri-implant bone stress \u2013 A contact finite element analysis of indirect axial loading. Materials Science and Engineering: C<\/em> 99<\/strong>: 367 - 373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.msec.2019.01.104\r\n\r\nBurkhardt, F., Strietzel, F. P., Bitter, K., & Spies, B. C. (2020) Guided implant surgery for one-piece ceramic implants: A digital workflow<\/em> 23<\/strong>: 73 - 82. https:\/\/doi.org\/PMID: 32207463.\r\n\r\nCarlsson, G. E. (2009) Dental occlusion: Modern concepts and their application in implant prosthodontics. Odontology<\/em> 97<\/em>(1)<\/strong>: 8 - 17. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10266-008-0096-x\r\n\r\nClark, H. M., & Solomon, N. P. (2012). Age and Sex Differences in Orofacial Strength. Dysphagia<\/em> 27<\/em>(1)<\/strong>: 2 - 9. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00455-011-9328-2\r\n\r\nCozzolino, F., Apicella, D., Wang, G., Apicella, A., & Sorrentino, R. (2019). Implant-to-bone force transmission: A pilot study for in vivo strain gauge measurement technique. Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials<\/em> 90<\/strong>: 173 - 181. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2018.10.014\r\n\r\nDe Boever, J. A., McCall, W. D., Holden, S., & Ash, M. M. (1978). Functional occlusal forces: An investigation by telemetry. The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry<\/em> 40(3)<\/strong>: 326 - 333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0022-3913(78)90042-2\r\n\r\nDi Fiore, A., Montagner, M., Sivolella, S., Stellini, E., Yilmaz, B., & Brunello, G. (2022) Peri-Implant Bone Loss and Overload: A Systematic Review Focusing on Occlusal Analysis through Digital and Analogic Methods. Journal of Clinical Medicine<\/em> 11(16)<\/strong>: 4812. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm11164812\r\n\r\nDing, Q., Luo, Q., Tian, Y., Zhang, L., Xie, Q., & Zhou, Y. (2022) Occlusal change in posterior implant-supported single crowns and its association with peri-implant bone level: A 5-year prospective study. Clinical Oral Investigations<\/em> 26<\/strong>: 4217 - 4227.\r\n\r\nEnkling, N., Utz, K. H., Bayer, S., & Stern, R. M. (2010) Osseoperception: Active tactile sensibility of osseointegrated dental implants. The International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants<\/em> 25(6)<\/strong>: 1159 - 1167.\r\n\r\nFalk, H., Laurell, L., & Lundgren, D. (1989) Occlusal force pattern in dentitions with mandibular implant-supported fixed cantilever prostheses occluded with complete dentures. The International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants<\/em> 4(1)<\/strong>: 55 - 62.\r\n\r\nFu, J.-H., Hsu, Y.-T., & Wang, H.-L. (2012) Identifying occlusal overload and how to deal with it to avoid marginal bone loss around implants. European Journal of Oral Implantology<\/em> 5 Suppl<\/strong>: S91 - 103.\r\n\r\nGoldstein, G., Goodacre, C., & Taylor, T. (2021) Occlusal Schemes for Implant Restorations: Best Evidence Consensus Statement. Journal of Prosthodontics<\/em> 30(S1)<\/strong>: 84 - 90. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jopr.13319\r\n\r\nGross, M. (2008). Occlusion in implant dentistry. A review of the literature of prosthetic determinants and current concepts. Australian Dental Journal<\/em> 53(s1)<\/strong>: S60 - S68. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1834-7819.2008.00043.x\r\n\r\nH\u00e4mmerle, C. H. F., Wagner, D., Br\u00e4gger, U., Lussi, A., Karayiannis, A., Joss, A., & Lang, N. P. (1995) Threshold of tactile sensitivity perceived with dental endosseous implants and natural teeth: Tactile perception of implants. Clinical Oral Implants Research<\/em> 6(2)<\/strong>: 83 - 90. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1034\/j.1600-0501.1995.060203.x\r\n\r\nH\u00e4mmerle, C. H. F., Wagner, D., Br\u00e4gger, U., Lussi, A., Karayiannis, A., Joss, A., & Lang, N. P. (1995) Threshold of tactile sensitivity perceived with dental endosseous implants and natural teeth: Tactile perception of implants. Clinical Oral Implants Research<\/em> 6(2)<\/strong>: 83 - 90. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1034\/j.1600-0501.1995.060203.x\r\n\r\nHaraldson, T., & Carlsson, G. E. (1977) Bite force and oral function in patients with osseointegrated oral implants. European Journal of Oral Sciences<\/em> 85(3)<\/strong>: 200 - 208. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1600-0722.1977.tb00554.x\r\n\r\nHeitz-Mayfield, L. J., Schmid, B., Weigel, C., Gerber, S., Bosshardt, D. D., Jonsson, J., Lang, N. P., & Jonsson, J. (2004) Does excessive occlusal load affect osseointegration? An experimental study in the dog. Clinical Oral Implants Research<\/em> 15(3)<\/strong>: 259 - 268. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1600-0501.2004.01019.x\r\n\r\nHobkirk, J. A., & Psarros, K. J. (1992) The influence of occlusal surface material on peak masticatory forces using osseointegrated implant-supported prostheses. The International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants<\/em> 7(3)<\/strong>: 345 - 352.\r\n\r\nHowe, L., Barrett, V., & Palmer, P. (1999) Basic restorative techniques. British Dental Journal<\/em> 187(9)<\/strong>: 473 - 479. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/sj.bdj.4800309\r\n\r\nKim, Y., Oh, T.-J., Misch, C. E., & Wang, H.-L. (2004) Occlusal considerations in implant therapy: Clinical guidelines with biomechanical rationale: Occlusal consideration in implant therapy. Clinical Oral Implants Research<\/em> 16(1)<\/strong>: 26 - 35. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1600-0501.2004.01067.x\r\n\r\nKlineberg, I. J., Trulsson, M., & Murray, G. M. (2012) Occlusion on implants\u2014Is there a problem? Journal of Oral Rehabilitation<\/em> 39(7)<\/strong>: 522 - 537. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2842.2012.02305.x\r\n\r\nKlinge, B., Meyle, J., & Working Group 2. (2012) Peri-implant tissue destruction. The Third EAO Consensus Conference 2012. Clinical Oral Implants Research<\/em> 23 Suppl 6<\/strong>: 108 - 110. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1600-0501.2012.02555.x\r\n\r\nK\u00f6rber, K. H. (1971). Electronic registration of tooth movements. International Dental Journal<\/em> 21(4)<\/strong>: 466 - 477.\r\n\r\nK\u00f6rber, K., & Ludwig, K. (1983) Maximale Kaukraft als Berechnungsfaktor zahntechnischer Konstruktionen. Dental Labor<\/em> 31<\/strong>: 55 - 60.\r\n\r\nKoyano, K., & Esaki, D. (2015) Occlusion on oral implants: Current clinical guidelines. Journal of Oral Rehabilitation<\/em> 42(2)<\/strong>: 153 - 161. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/joor.12239\r\n\r\nKozlovsky, A., Tal, H., Laufer, B.-Z., Leshem, R., Rohrer, M. D., Weinreb, M., & Artzi, Z. (2007) Impact of implant overloading on the peri-implant bone in inflamed and non-inflamed peri-implant mucosa. Clinical Oral Implants Research<\/em> 18(5)<\/strong>: 601 - 610. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1600-0501.2007.01374.x\r\n\r\nLanger, B., Langer, L., Herrmann, I., & Jorneus, L. (1993) The wide fixture: A solution for special bone situations and a rescue for the compromised implant. Part 1. The International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants<\/em> 8(4)<\/strong>: 400 - 408.\r\n\r\nLee, J.-H., Lee, W., Huh, Y.-H., Park, C.-J., & Cho, L.-R. (2019) Impact of Intentional Overload on Joint Stability of Internal Implant-Abutment Connection System with Different Diameter: Overload on Internal Implant-Abutment Connection. Journal of Prosthodontics<\/em> 28(2)<\/strong>: e649 - e656. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jopr.12661\r\n\r\nLobbezoo, F., Trulsson, M., Jacobs, R., Svensson, P., Cadden, S. W., & van Steenberghe, D. (2002) Topical review: Modulation of trigeminal sensory input in humans: mechanisms and clinical implications. Journal of Orofacial Pain<\/em> 16(1)<\/strong>: 9 - 21.\r\n\r\nLudwig, P. (1975). Die Kraftentwicklung der Kaumuskulatur und ihre sensorische Steuerung. 12. Deutsche Zahn\u00e4rztliche Zeitung <\/em>30 (12)<\/strong>: 798 - 802.\r\n\r\nMatzinger, M., Hahnel, S., Preis, V., & Rosentritt, M. (2019) Polishing effects and wear performance of chairside CAD\/CAM materials. Clinical Oral Investigations<\/em> 23(2)<\/strong>: 725 - 737. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00784-018-2473-3\r\n\r\nMelsen, B., & Lang, N. P. (2001) Biological reactions of alveolar bone to orthodontic loading of oral implants: Alveolar bone and orthodontic loading. Clinical Oral Implants Research<\/em> 12(2)<\/strong>: 144 - 152. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1034\/j.1600-0501.2001.012002144.x\r\n\r\nMiyata, T., Kobayashi, Y., Araki, H., Ohto, T., & Shin, K. (2000) The influence of controlled occlusal overload on peri-implant tissue. Part 3: A histologic study in monkeys. The International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants<\/em>, 15(3)<\/strong>: 425 - 431.\r\n\r\nMiyata, T., Kobayashi, Y., Araki, H., Ohto, T., & Shin, K. (2000) The influence of controlled occlusal overload on peri-implant tissue. Part 3: A histologic study in monkeys. The International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants<\/em> 15(3)<\/strong>: 425 - 431.\r\n\r\nMurakami, M., Adachi, T., Nakatsuka, K., Kato, T., Oishi, M., & Masuda, Y. (2012) Gender differences in maximum voluntary lip-closing force during lip pursing in healthy young adults: Gender differences in lip force. Journal of Oral Rehabilitation<\/em> 39(6)<\/strong>: 399 - 404. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2842.2011.02268.x\r\n\r\nNaert, I., Quirynen, M., van Steenberghe, D., & Darius, P. (1992) A six-year prosthodontic study of 509 consecutively inserted implants for the treatment of partial edentulism. The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry<\/em> 67(2)<\/strong>: 236 - 245. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0022-3913(92)90461-I\r\n\r\nNaert, I., Quirynen, M., van Steenberghe, D., & Darius, P. (1992) A six-year prosthodontic study of 509 consecutively inserted implants for the treatment of partial edentulism. The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry<\/em> 67(2)<\/strong>: 236\u2013245. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0022-3913(92)90461-I\r\n\r\nOzer, F., Naden, A., Turp, V., Mante, F., Sen, D., & Blatz, M. B. (2018) Effect of thickness and surface modifications on flexural strength of monolithic zirconia. The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry<\/em> 119(6)<\/strong>: 987 - 993. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.prosdent.2017.08.007\r\n\r\nOzturk, I., Caglar, I., & Duymus, Z. Y. (2022) The effect of adjustment and finishing procedure on roughness, strength, and phase transformation of monolithic zirconia. Clinical Oral Investigations<\/em> 26(7)<\/strong>: 4761 - 4768. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00784-022-04440-x\r\n\r\nPreis, V., Kammermeier, A., Handel, G., & Rosentritt, M. (2016) In vitro performance of two-piece zirconia implant systems for anterior application. Dental Materials<\/em> 32(6)<\/strong>: 765 - 774. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.dental.2016.03.028\r\n\r\nQuirynen, M., De Soete, M., & Van Steenberghe, D. (2002) Infectious risks for oral implants: A review of the literature: Infectious risks for oral implants: a review. Clinical Oral Implants Research<\/em>, 13(1)<\/strong>: 1 - 19. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1034\/j.1600-0501.2002.130101.x\r\n\r\nReitz, J. V. (1994) Lingualized occlusion in implant dentistry. Quintessence International (Berlin, Germany: 1985)<\/em>, 25(3)<\/strong>: 177 - 180.\r\n\r\nRilo, B., da Silva, J. L., Mora, M. J., & Santana, U. (2008) Guidelines for occlusion strategy in implant-borne prostheses. A review. International Dental Journal<\/em> 58(3)<\/strong>: 139 - 145. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1875-595X.2008.tb00189.x\r\n\r\nRobinson, D., Aguilar, L., Gatti, A., Abduo, J., Lee, P. V. S., & Ackland, D. (2019) Load response of the natural tooth and dental implant: A comparative biomechanics study. The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics<\/em> 11(3)<\/strong>: 169. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4047\/jap.2019.11.3.169\r\n\r\nRungsiyakull, C., Rungsiyakull, P., Li, Q., Li, W., & Swain, M. (2011) Effects of occlusal inclination and loading on mandibular bone remodeling: A finite element study. The International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants<\/em> 26(3)<\/strong>: 527 - 537.\r\n\r\nRungsiyakull, P., Rungsiyakull, C., Appleyard, R., Li, Q., Swain, M., & Klineberg, I. (2011) Loading of a single implant in simulated bone. The International Journal of Prosthodontics<\/em> 24(2)<\/strong>: 140 - 143.\r\n\r\nSailer, I., Karasan, D., Todorovic, A., Ligoutsikou, M., & Pjetursson, B. E. (2022) Prosthetic failures in dental implant therapy. Periodontology 2000<\/em> 88(1)<\/strong>: 130\u2013144. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/prd.12416\r\n\r\nSchwarz, M. S. (2000) Mechanical complications of dental implants. Clinical Oral Implants Research<\/em> 11<\/strong>: 156 - 158. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1034\/j.1600-0501.2000.011S1156.x\r\n\r\nShackleton, J. L., Carr, L., Slabbert, J. C. G., & Becker, P. J. (1994) Survival of fixed implant-supported prostheses related to cantilever lengths. The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry<\/em> 71(1)<\/strong>: 23 - 26. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0022-3913(94)90250-X\r\n\r\nSheridan, R. A., Decker, A. M., Plonka, A. B., & Wang, H.-L. (2016) The Role of Occlusion in Implant Therapy: A Comprehensive Updated Review. Implant Dentistry<\/em> 25(6)<\/strong>: 829 - 838. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/ID.0000000000000488\r\n\r\nTrulsson, M. (2005) Sensory and motor function of teeth and dental implants: A basis for osseoperception. Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology<\/em> 32(1\u20132)<\/strong>: 119 - 122. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1440-1681.2005.04139.x\r\n\r\nVan Steenberghe, D., Naert, I., Jacobs, R., & Quirynen, M. (1999) Influence of Inflammatory Reactions Vs. Occlusal Loading On Peri-Implant Marginal Bone Level. Advances in Dental Research<\/em>, 13(1)<\/strong>: 130 - 135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/08959374990130010201\r\n\r\nWassell, R., Naru, A., Steele, J. G., & Nohl, F. (2015) Applied occlusion<\/em> (Second edition). London: Quintessence Publishing Co. Ltd.\r\n\r\nWiskott, H. W., & Belser, U. C. (1995) A rationale for a simplified occlusal design in restorative dentistry: Historical review and clinical guidelines. The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry<\/em> 73(2)<\/strong>: 169 - 183. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0022-3913(05)80159-3","endnote":"OWN - ITI International Team for Implantology\r\n CI - ITI International Team for Implantology\r\n JT - Forum Implantologicum\r\n DP - 2022\r\n LA - en\r\n TI - Occlusal Loading in Natural Teeth and Oral Implants\r\nOWN - ITI International Team for Implantology\r\n AU - Beschnidt S.\r\n AU - Burkhardt F.\r\n AU - Spies B.\r\nAID - 10.3290\/iti.fi.45688[doi]\r\n AB - Abstract"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/forum-impl.iti.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/article\/817","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/forum-impl.iti.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/article"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/forum-impl.iti.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/article"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/forum-impl.iti.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/article\/817\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1713,"href":"https:\/\/forum-impl.iti.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/article\/817\/revisions\/1713"}],"acf:post":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forum-impl.iti.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/forum-author\/1234"},{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forum-impl.iti.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/forum-author\/1232"},{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forum-impl.iti.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/forum-author\/1230"},{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forum-impl.iti.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/feature-topic\/1447"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/forum-impl.iti.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=817"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"article-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forum-impl.iti.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/article-type?post=817"},{"taxonomy":"forum-tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forum-impl.iti.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/forum-tag?post=817"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}