{"id":931,"date":"2026-05-28T09:59:21","date_gmt":"2026-05-28T09:59:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/forum-impl.iti.org\/en\/?post_type=article&p=931"},"modified":"2026-06-16T11:12:01","modified_gmt":"2026-06-16T11:12:01","slug":"threedimensional-facial-scanning-technology-applications-and-future-trends-2601","status":"publish","type":"article","link":"https:\/\/forum-impl.iti.org\/en\/article\/threedimensional-facial-scanning-technology-applications-and-future-trends-2601\/","title":{"rendered":"Three-dimensional Facial Scanning Technology: Applications and Future Trends"},"content":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false},"article-type":[5],"forum-tag":[263,264,265,261,262],"class_list":["post-931","article","type-article","status-publish","hentry","article-type-feature-article","forum-tag-3d-imaging","forum-tag-cone-beam-computed-tomography","forum-tag-digital-intra-oral-scanners","forum-tag-facial-scanning","forum-tag-stereophotogrammetry"],"acf":{"feature_topic":1461,"authors":[1222,1224,986,1226,1024],"read_time":"14 min","publication_date":"20141118","doi":"10.3290\/iti.fi.45697","excerpt":"Basic components of the conventional prosthodontic diagnostic set-up workflow include dental cast models, full-mouth two-dimensional digital photographs, as well as selected intra- and extra-oral radiographs. This set-up provides a limited two-dimensional representation of the maxillofacial region and it fails to depict the patient in full three dimensions, thereby limiting diagnosis and treatment planning. Novel three-dimensional (3D) imaging technologies such as digital intra-oral scanning and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) are becoming increasingly available in the dental office. ","references":"Artopoulos, A., Buytaert, J.A, Dirckx, J.J. & Coward, T.J. (2014) Comparison of the accuracy of digital stereophotogrammetry and projection moir\u00e9 profilometry for three-dimensional imaging of the face. International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery <\/em>43<\/strong>: 654-662.\r\n\r\nBurke, P.H. (1983) Serial stereophotogrammetric measurements of the soft tissues of the face. A case of a girl with mild facial asymmetry from 3 weeks to 10 years of age. British Dental Journal <\/em>155<\/strong>: 373\u2013379.\r\n\r\nBush, K. & Antonyshyn, O. (1996) Three-dimensional facial anthropometry using a laser surface scanner: validation of the technique. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery <\/em>98<\/strong>: 226-235.\r\n\r\nCase, C.S. (1893) Some principles governing the development of facial contours in the practice of orthodontia. Columbia Dental Congress<\/em> 2<\/strong>: 727.\r\n\r\nD\u2019Apuzzo, N. (2006) Overview of 3D surface digitization technologies in Europe. In: Corner, B.D., Li, P. & Tocheri, M. (Eds.) Three-Dimensional Image Capture and Applications VI. Proceedings of SPIE-IS&T Electronic Imaging<\/em>. SPIE, Vol. 6056, San Jose (CA), USA.\r\n\r\nDeli, R., Galantucci, L.M., Lino, A., D\u00b4Alession, R., Di Goia, E., Savastano, C., Lavecchia, F. & Percoco, G. (2013) Three-dimensional methodology for photogrammetric acquisition of the soft tissues of the face: a new clinical-instrumental protocol. Progress in Orthodontics<\/em> 20<\/strong>: 14-32.\r\n\r\nGirod, S., Keeve, E. & Girod, B. (1995) Advances in interactive craniofacial surgery planning by 3D simulation and visualization. International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial<\/em> Surgery<\/em> 24<\/strong>: 120-125.\r\n\r\nHajeer, M.Y., Millett, D.T., Ayoub, A.F. & Siebert, J.P. (2004) Applications of 3D imaging in orthodontics: part I. Journal of Orthodontics<\/em> 31<\/strong>: 62\u201370.\r\n\r\nHassan, B., Nijkamp, P., Verheij, H., Tairie, J., Vink, C., Stelt, P.V. & Beek, H.V. (2013) Precision of identifying cephalometric landmarks with cone beam computed tomography in vivo. European Journal of Orthodontics<\/em> 35<\/strong>: 38-44.\r\n\r\nHorner, K., Islam, M., Flygare, L., Tsiklakis, K., & Whaites, E. (2009) Basic principles for use of dental cone beam computed tomography: consensus guidelines of the European Academy of Dental and Maxillofacial Radiology. Dentomaxillofacial Radiology<\/em> 38<\/em><\/strong>: 187-195.\r\n\r\nIsmail, S.F., Moss, J.P. & Hennessy, R. (2002) Three-dimensional assessment of the effects of extraction and nonextraction orthodontic treatment on the face. American Journal Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics <\/em>121<\/strong>: 244-256.\r\n\r\nKau, C.H., Richmond, S., Incrapera, A., English, J. & Xia, JJ. (2007) Three-dimensional surface acquisition systems for the study of facial morphology and their application to maxillofacial surgery. International Journal of Medical Robotics and Computer Assisted Surgery<\/em> 3<\/strong>: 97\u2013110.\r\n\r\nL\u00fcbbers, H.T., Medinger, L., Kruse, A., Gr\u00e4tz, K.W. & Mattews, F. (2010) Precision and accuracy of the 3dMD photogrammetric system in craniomaxillofacial application. Journal of Craniofacial Surgery<\/em> 21<\/strong>: 763-767.\r\n\r\nMaal, T.J.J., Plooij, M., Rangel, F.A., Mollemans, W., Schutyser, C.& Berge, S.J. (2008) The accuracy of matching three-dimensional photographs with skin surfaces derived from cone-beam computed tomography. International Journal of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery<\/em> 37<\/strong>: 641-646.\r\n\r\nMoss, J.P., Linney, A.D.& Lowey, M.N. (1995) The use of three-dimensional techniques in facial esthetics. Seminars in Orthodontics<\/em> 1<\/strong>: 94-104.\r\n\r\nRangel, F.A., Maal, T.J., Berg\u00e9, S.J., van Vlijmen, O.J., Plooij, J.M., Schutyser, F. & Kuijpers-Jagtman, A.M. (2008) Integration of digital dental casts in 3-dimensional facial photographs. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics<\/em> 134<\/strong>: 820-826.\r\n\r\nRas, F., Habets, L.L., van Ginkel, F.C. & Prahl-Andersen, B. (1995) Method for quantifyingfacial asymmetry in three dimensions using stereophotogrammetry. Angle Orthodontics <\/em>65<\/strong>: 233\u2013239.\r\n\r\nRosati, R., De Menezes, M., Rosseti, A., Sforza, C. & Ferrario, V. (2010) Digital dental cast placement in 3-dimensional, full-face reconstruction: A technical evaluation. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics<\/em> 138<\/strong>: 84-88.\r\n\r\nTanner, J.M. & Weiner, J.S. (1949) The reliability of the photogrammetric method of anthropometry. American Journal of Physical Anthropology<\/em> 7<\/strong>: 145\u2013186.\r\n\r\nTakasaki, H. (1970) Moir\u00e9 topography. Applied Optics<\/em> 9<\/strong>: 1467-1472.\r\n\r\nTuncay, O.C. (2001) Three-dimensional imaging and motion animation. Seminars in Orthodontics <\/em>7<\/strong>: 244-250.\r\n\r\nVan Loon, J.A.W. (1915) A new method for indicating normal and abnormal relations of the teeth to the facial lines. Dental Cosmos Journal <\/em>57<\/strong>: 973-983.\r\n\r\nVerhoeven, T.J., Coppen, C., Barkhuysen, R., Bronkhorst, E.M., Merkx, M.A., Berg\u00e9, S.J. & Maal, T.J. (2013) Three dimensional evaluation of facial asymmetry after mandibular reconstruction: validation of a new method using stereophotogrammetry. International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery<\/em> 42<\/strong>: 19-25.","endnote":"OWN - ITI International Team for Implantology\r\n CI - ITI International Team for Implantology\r\n JT - Forum Implantologicum\r\n DP - 2014\r\n LA - en\r\n TI - Three-dimensional Facial Scanning Technology: Applications and Future Trends\r\nOWN - ITI International Team for Implantology\r\n AU - Hassan B.\r\n AU - Gim\u00e9nez Gonz\u00e1lez B.\r\n AU - Tahmaseb A.\r\n AU - Jacobs R.\r\n AU - Bornstein M.\r\nAID - 10.3290\/iti.fi.45697[doi]\r\n AB - Abstract"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/forum-impl.iti.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/article\/931","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/forum-impl.iti.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/article"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/forum-impl.iti.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/article"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/forum-impl.iti.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/article\/931\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1898,"href":"https:\/\/forum-impl.iti.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/article\/931\/revisions\/1898"}],"acf:post":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forum-impl.iti.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/forum-author\/1024"},{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forum-impl.iti.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/forum-author\/1226"},{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forum-impl.iti.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/forum-author\/986"},{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forum-impl.iti.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/forum-author\/1224"},{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forum-impl.iti.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/forum-author\/1222"},{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forum-impl.iti.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/feature-topic\/1461"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/forum-impl.iti.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=931"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"article-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forum-impl.iti.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/article-type?post=931"},{"taxonomy":"forum-tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forum-impl.iti.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/forum-tag?post=931"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}